dd的作用是转换和拷贝文件,我们可以利用它来分割文件,相关的选项如下:
if=:输入的文件名 of=finename:输出的文件名 bs=bytes:一次读写的字节数,默认是512bytes skip=blocks:拷贝前,跳过的输入文件的前blocks块,块的大小有bs决定 count=blocks:只拷贝输入文件的前blocks块 例如,现在有一个文件,大小为116616字节: [root]# du -b file 116616 file 将其分割为两文件file1和file2,那我们就设置每块为1024字节,将file的前60块放入file1,余下的放入file2: [root]# dd if=file bs=1024 count=60 skip=0 of=file1 [root]# dd if=file bs=1024 count=60 skip=60 of=file2 然后用cat将两个文件合并为file.bak,要注意文件的顺序: [root]# cat file1 file2 > file.bak 可以用md5sum验证一下file和file.bak: [root]# md5sum file 3ff53f7c30421ace632eefff36148a70 file [root]# md5sum file.bak 3ff53f7c30421ace632eefff36148a70 file.bak 可以证明两个文件时完全相同的。 为了方便分割、合并文件,我写了两个脚本: ddf.sh #ddf.sh:分割文件,分割后的文件以数字结尾,例如file分割为两个文件:file1和file2 #!/bin/sh #使用脚本是第一参数是要分割的文件名 Filename=$1 =0 =`pwd` #验证文件名是否正确,然后计算文件的大小 if [ -z $Filename ];then echo ":The file name can not be empty" fi if [ -e $Filename ];then Filesize=`du -b $Filename | awk '{print $1}'` if [ $Filesize == 0 ];then echo "Error:The File size is zero!" exit fi echo "The file size is $Filesize Byte" echo "Plese enter the subfile size(KB):" else echo "Error:$Filename does not !" exit fi #输入分割后每个文件的大小,单位是KB read if [ -z $Subfilesize ];then echo "Error:Input can not be empty" exit fi echo $Subfilesize | grep '^[0-9]\+$' >> /dev/null if [ $? -ne 0 ];then echo "Error:The Input is not a number!" exit elif [ $Subfilesize -eq 0 ];then echo "Error:The Subfile size is zero!" exit fi #计算需要分割为几个文件 SubfileByte=` $Subfilesize \* 1024`=`expr $Filesize / $SubfileByte` if [ `expr $ % $Subfilesize` -ne 0 ];then Subfilenum=`expr $Subfilenum + 1` fi #将文件分割 echo "$Filename will be divided into $Subfilenum" i=1 skipnum=0 while [ $i -le $Subfilenum ] do echo "$Filename$i" dd if=$Filename of="$/$Filename$i" bs=1024 count=$Subfilesize skip=$skipnum i=`expr $i + 1` skipnum=`expr $skipnum + $` done echo "$Filename has been divided into $Subfilenum" echo "Done !" caf.sh #caf.sh:合并文件,需要合并的文件要放在一个文件夹里 # 文件名分为两个部分,第一部分都相同,第二部分必须是从1开始的连续数字,例如file1,file2,file3 # 合并后的文件名为file.bak #!/bin/sh #输入文件名的第一部分 echo "Please enter file name:" read Filename if [ -z $Filename ];then echo "Error:The file name can not be empty" exit fi #输入待合并文件的个数 echo "Please enter the number of subfiles:" read Subfilenum if [ -z $Subfilenum ];then echo "Error:The number of subfiles can not be empty" exit fi echo $Subfilenum | grep '^[0-9]\+$' > /dev/null if [ $? -ne 0 ];then echo "Error:Input must be a number" exit fi if [ $Subfilenum -eq 0 ];then echo "Error:The number of subfiles can not be zero" exit fi #合并文件 i=1=$Filename\.bak while [ $i -le $ ] do=$$i if [ -e $Subfilename ];then echo "$Subfilename done!" cat $Subfilename >> $Newfile i=` $i + 1` else echo ":$ does not " rm -rf $Newfile fi done echo "Subfiles be merged into $" echo "Success!" 用这两个脚本完成对file的分割、合并: [root]# ./ddf.sh file The file size is 116616 Byte Plese enter the subfile size(KB): 60 file will be divided into 2 file1 记录了60+0 的读入 记录了60+0 的写出 61440字节(61 kB)已复制,0.0352612 秒,1.7 MB/秒 file2 记录了53+1 的读入 记录了53+1 的写出 55176字节(55 kB)已复制,0.0316272 秒,1.7 MB/秒 file has been divided into 2 Done ! [root]# ls caf.sh ddf.sh file file1 file2 [root]# ./caf.sh Please enter file name: file Please enter the number of subfiles: file1 done! file2 done! Subfiles be merged into file.bak Success! [root]# ls caf.sh ddf.sh file file1 file2 .bak